Microbiology
- History and scope of Microbiology
- Position and diversity of microorganisms in the living world
- Structure and organization of a bacterial cell
- Bacteriophages, viroid’s, prions
- Biogeochemical cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen, Phosphorous and Sulfur
- General accounts of microbes in diverse environments
- Cultivation of microbes and Microbial growth curve
- Mechanisms of gene transfer
- Basic concepts of gene regulation
- Fermented foods and food-borne diseases
- Types of fermentations and fermenters
- Bio fertilizers and bio pesticides
- Microbial interactions
- Emerging infectious diseases
Cytology and Genetics
- Ultrastructure of plant and animal cell
- Cell cycle
- Mendel’s laws and cytoplasmic inheritance
- Interaction of genes
- Linkage and crossing over
- Sex determination in plants and animals
- Modern concept of gene structure
- Mutations and mutagens
Biochemistry
- Proteins
- Enzymes
- Carbohydrates
- Lipids
- Nucleic acids and Genetic code
Physiology
- Water relations
- Cell Membrane
- Oxygenic and an oxygenic Photosynthesis
- Respiration: Aerobic, anaerobic and Fermentation
Biotechnology
- Vectors: Plasmid, lambda phage based, M13 based, Cosmids, BAC, YAC, expression vectors,
Agrobacterium-based - Tools and Techniques in biotechnology: Restriction enzymes, ligases, DNA
- Polymerases, PCR, Sangers method of sequencing, Southern blotting, Northern Blotting, DNA
microarray, genomic and cDNA libraries, gene gun - RDT based products
Biotechniques
- Chromatography
- Electrophoresis: Agarose gel, SDS -PAGE, IEF and 2D
- Microscopy
- Centrifugation
- Spectrophotometry
Immunology
- Cells and Organs of immune system
- Innate and Adaptive immune response
- Antigen and Antibody
- Complement system
- MHC
- Immunological techniques
Ecology
- Adaptations
- Population ecology
- Community ecology
- Ecosystem functions
- Ecological successions
- Environmental pollutions
